| Peer-Reviewed

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia

Received: 21 March 2022     Accepted: 6 April 2022     Published: 20 April 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Mastitis is one of the main problems that lead to economic inefficiency in dairy farms. In Somalia, the shortage of milk and milk products has many causes, however examination of sub-clinical mastitis and their prevalence has not been adequately addressed and no comprehensive research has been led on their epidemiology. Therefore this study was launched to assess the prevalence of mastitis in Mogadishu as well as identify the risk factors that are associated with mastitis occurrence. The study was cross sectional and took place between March 2019 to February 2020, to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis on dairy cattle at Mogadishu, Somalia. The study conducted multistage sampling by first purposely selecting three districts from the 17 districts that comprises Mogadishu province. The area selection was based on the availability of dairy farms. Farms were also randomly selected by first listing farms in a piece of paper and selecting it from the bowel, while systematic selection was conducted at animal level by selecting every four animals for sampling and screening. In this study the overall prevalence found was 44.5% and quarter wise the prevalence was 19%. The present study revealed that the presence of mastitis among different age groups of the examined cattle had statistically significant difference in their prevalence (p<0.05), with the highest prevalence found in cattle 7 years and above of age with prevalence of (51.4%) compared to cattle <7 years of age (25.49 %). The study also revealed a statistically significant association between mastitis and stage of lactation of the cattle with animals with early stage of lactation having the highest prevalence (58.86%) compared to the cattle late stage of lactation with the (12.61%). Study also presented a significant association between prevalence of mastitis and production system was (p<0.005) which is higher in intensive systems with the (47.45%) and lower semi-intensive systems (31.4%). Presence of mastitis and hygienic level was also compared and a significant association was found (p<0.05). According to the breed, a significant difference was not found between the prevalence of exotic and local cattle (p>0.05) although exotic were found to have a slightly higher prevalence (47.33%) compared to local cattle (43.1%). Therefore this study recommended that the regular screening for early detection should be done at least once a week for monitoring udder health status of dairy animals.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12
Page(s) 21-27
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mastitis, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Dairy Cattle, Prevention, Mogadishu, Somalia

References
[1] Gera, S. & Guha, A. 2011. Assessment of acute phase proteins and nitric oxide as indicator of subclinical mastitis in Holstein× Haryana cattle. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 81 (10): 1029–1031.
[2] Radostits OM, GAYGC, Blood DC, Hinchillif KW (2000). Mastitis In: Veterinary Medicine, 9th Edition, Harcourt Limited, London pp. 603-700.
[3] Sharma, N., Maiti, S. K. &amp; Sharma, K. K. 2007. Prevalence, etiology and antiobiogram of micro-organisms associated with sub-clinical mastitis in buffaloes in Durg, Chhattisgrh State (India). International Journal of Dairy Science, 2 (2): 145–151.
[4] Sharma, N., Rho, G. Y., Hong, Y. H., Lee, T. Y., Hur, T. Y. &amp; Jeong, D. K. 2012. Bovine mastitis: an Asian perspective. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 7: 454–476.
[5] Elango, A., Doraisamy, K. A., Rajarajan, G. &amp; Kumaresan, G. 2010. Bacteriology of sub-clinical mastitis and anti-biogram of isolates recovered from cross-bred cows. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 44 (4): 280–284.
[6] Halasa, T., Huijps, K., Osteras, O. &amp; Hogeveen, H. 2007. Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management: A review. Veterinary Quarterly, 29 (1): 18–31.
[7] Otte J, Knips V. Livestock Development for Sub-Saharan Africa, SSA, Pro-Poor Livestock Policy Initiative program, USD., 2005.
[8] Somalia Livestock Price Bulletin, 2019 published on 31 Jan from Famine Early Warning System Network Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 35: 197-205.
[9] Thrusfield, M. V. (2007). Veterinary epidemiology, 3rd edn. (Blackwell: Oxford).
[10] Delelesse, G. D. (2010). Study on prevalence of bovine mastitis on Cross breed dairy cow around Holeta areas, West Shoa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia. Global Veterinaria, 5 (6), 318-323.
[11] Abebe Rahmeto, Hagere Hatiya, Mesele Abera Bekele Megersa and Kassahun Asmare, 2016. Bovine mastitis: prevalence, risk factors and isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy herds at Hawassa milk shed, South Ethiopia, BMC Veterinary Research (2016) 12: 270, DOI 10.1186/s12917-016-0905-3.
[12] Kerro OD, Tareke F (2003). Bovine Mstitis in selected areas of Southern Ethiopia. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 35: 197-205.
[13] Radostits, O. M., C. C. Gay, D. C. Blood and Hinchlif, K. W. 2007. Mastitis. In: Veterinary medicine 9th ed., Harcourt Ltd, London. 174-758.
[14] Belayneh, R., Belihu, K., &amp; Wubete, A. (2013). Dairy cows mastitis survey in Adama town, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, 5 (10), 281-287.
[15] Busato A, Trachsel P, Schallibaum M, Blum JW (2000). Udder health and risk factors for subclinical mastitis in organic dairy farms in Switzerland. Prev. Vet. Med. 28: 205-220.
[16] Sanotharan N, Pagthinanthan M, and Nafeed M, (2016) prevalence of bovine subclinical mastitis and it is association with bacteria and risk factors in milking cows of batticaloa district in serilan. International journal of secientific research and innovative technology.
[17] Mureithi DK, Njuguna MN. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis and associated risk factors in dairy farms in urban and peri-urban areas of Thika Sub County, Kenya. Livest Res Rural Dev. 2016; 28: 13.
[18] Edilu J. Sarba and Getachew K. Tola, 2017 Cross-sectional study on bovine mastitis and its associated risk factors in Ambo district of West Shewa zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. Veterinary world, 10 (4), 398.
[19] Benta, D. B. and Habtamu, T. M. (2011). Study on Prevalence of Mastitis and its Associated Risk factors in Lactating Dairy cows in Batu and its Environs, Ethiopia. Global veterinarian. 7 (6): 632-637.
[20] Seegers H, Fouricho C, Beaudeau F (2003). Production effects related to mastitis and mastitis economics in dairy cattle herds. Vet Rec. 2003; 34: 475–91. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2003027.
[21] González RN, Wilson DJ. Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy herds (2003). Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract. 2003; 19 (1): 199–221. doi: 10.1016/S0749-0720(02)00076-2.
[22] Sandholm, M., &amp; Pyörälä, S. (1995). Dry cow therapy. The bovine udder and mastitis. University of Helsinki, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 209, 214.
[23] Khan MZ, Khan A (2006). Basic facts of mastitis in dairy animals: A review. Pakistan Vet J. 2006; 26: 204–8.
[24] Pretorious Crista, 2008. The effect of corynebacterium of corynebacterium cutis lysate to control somatic cell counts in dairy cows. Available at etd.uovs.al.zal. pp: 77.
[25] Norman Christopher, B., 2004. Efficacy of prepartum intramammary lactating cow treatment in dairy heifers. pp: 60.
[26] Norman, H. D.; Powell, R. L.; Wright, J. R.; Cassell, B. G. Phenotypic and genetic relationship between linear functional type traits and milk yield for five breeds. Journal of Dairy Science, v. 71, p. 1880-1896, 1988.
[27] Sinha, M. K., Thombare, N. N. &amp; Mondal, B. (2014). Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Animals: Incidence, Economics, and Predisposing Factors. Scientific World Journal, 2014: 1-4.
[28] NMC. NMC Recommended mastitis control program Intl. version. [online] (2011). Available from: http://www.nmconline.org/docs/NMCchecklistInt [2015-02-17].
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged. (2022). Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 21-27. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2022, 10(2), 21-27. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia. Anim Vet Sci. 2022;10(2):21-27. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12,
      author = {Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged},
      title = {Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {21-27},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20221002.12},
      abstract = {Mastitis is one of the main problems that lead to economic inefficiency in dairy farms. In Somalia, the shortage of milk and milk products has many causes, however examination of sub-clinical mastitis and their prevalence has not been adequately addressed and no comprehensive research has been led on their epidemiology. Therefore this study was launched to assess the prevalence of mastitis in Mogadishu as well as identify the risk factors that are associated with mastitis occurrence. The study was cross sectional and took place between March 2019 to February 2020, to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis on dairy cattle at Mogadishu, Somalia. The study conducted multistage sampling by first purposely selecting three districts from the 17 districts that comprises Mogadishu province. The area selection was based on the availability of dairy farms. Farms were also randomly selected by first listing farms in a piece of paper and selecting it from the bowel, while systematic selection was conducted at animal level by selecting every four animals for sampling and screening. In this study the overall prevalence found was 44.5% and quarter wise the prevalence was 19%. The present study revealed that the presence of mastitis among different age groups of the examined cattle had statistically significant difference in their prevalence (p0.05) although exotic were found to have a slightly higher prevalence (47.33%) compared to local cattle (43.1%). Therefore this study recommended that the regular screening for early detection should be done at least once a week for monitoring udder health status of dairy animals.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis on Dairy Cattle in Mogadishu Somalia
    AU  - Mohamed Ali Yusuf-Isleged
    Y1  - 2022/04/20
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    SP  - 21
    EP  - 27
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.12
    AB  - Mastitis is one of the main problems that lead to economic inefficiency in dairy farms. In Somalia, the shortage of milk and milk products has many causes, however examination of sub-clinical mastitis and their prevalence has not been adequately addressed and no comprehensive research has been led on their epidemiology. Therefore this study was launched to assess the prevalence of mastitis in Mogadishu as well as identify the risk factors that are associated with mastitis occurrence. The study was cross sectional and took place between March 2019 to February 2020, to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of mastitis on dairy cattle at Mogadishu, Somalia. The study conducted multistage sampling by first purposely selecting three districts from the 17 districts that comprises Mogadishu province. The area selection was based on the availability of dairy farms. Farms were also randomly selected by first listing farms in a piece of paper and selecting it from the bowel, while systematic selection was conducted at animal level by selecting every four animals for sampling and screening. In this study the overall prevalence found was 44.5% and quarter wise the prevalence was 19%. The present study revealed that the presence of mastitis among different age groups of the examined cattle had statistically significant difference in their prevalence (p0.05) although exotic were found to have a slightly higher prevalence (47.33%) compared to local cattle (43.1%). Therefore this study recommended that the regular screening for early detection should be done at least once a week for monitoring udder health status of dairy animals.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, University of Somalia (UNISO), Mogadishu, Somalia

  • Sections