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Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals

Received: 22 February 2022     Accepted: 25 March 2022     Published: 31 March 2022
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Abstract

The occurrence of mycosis is relatively uncommon in healthy and immunocompetent hosts. But now a days, the incidence of fungal infections are increasing and there is no effective vaccine for fungal infections in contrast to bacterial and viral diseases. And also, available antifungal drugs are not effective to treat infected animals. Understanding the immunity against fungal infections is of interest which can contribute more for therapeutic and vaccine development. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune components involved in clearing fungal pathogens. Disease outcome is a result of host-pathogen interactions. Immunity is the body’s resistance to infection. Innate and acquired immune systems are involved to eliminate animal fungal infections. Innate immunity is not specific. It is the first line of defense, with genetically encoded receptors that identify greatly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Physical barriers, phagocytic cells, chemotactic factors and natural killer cells are some of the innate defense mechanisms. Adaptive immunity is specific. Lymphocytes have a unique and specific antigen receptor. It can be a humoral or cellular type of immune system. In adaptive immunity, there is a development of immunological memory in the host after exposure to a pathogen. However, there are no effective vaccines and antifungal drugs. So it causes high morbidity and mortality in animals and fungal pathogens have become a significant clinical challenge, leading to a global threat to controlling fungal infections. Therefore, good management of animals and treating concurrent infections strengthens their immunity. Besides, promoting research into fungal infections to develop new diagnostics, anti-fungal drugs and vaccines are recommended.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11
Page(s) 15-20
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fungi, Immunity, Infection, Mycosis

References
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    Dessie Abera. (2022). Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 10(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11

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    Dessie Abera. Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2022, 10(2), 15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11

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    Dessie Abera. Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals. Anim Vet Sci. 2022;10(2):15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11,
      author = {Dessie Abera},
      title = {Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {2},
      pages = {15-20},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20221002.11},
      abstract = {The occurrence of mycosis is relatively uncommon in healthy and immunocompetent hosts. But now a days, the incidence of fungal infections are increasing and there is no effective vaccine for fungal infections in contrast to bacterial and viral diseases. And also, available antifungal drugs are not effective to treat infected animals. Understanding the immunity against fungal infections is of interest which can contribute more for therapeutic and vaccine development. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune components involved in clearing fungal pathogens. Disease outcome is a result of host-pathogen interactions. Immunity is the body’s resistance to infection. Innate and acquired immune systems are involved to eliminate animal fungal infections. Innate immunity is not specific. It is the first line of defense, with genetically encoded receptors that identify greatly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Physical barriers, phagocytic cells, chemotactic factors and natural killer cells are some of the innate defense mechanisms. Adaptive immunity is specific. Lymphocytes have a unique and specific antigen receptor. It can be a humoral or cellular type of immune system. In adaptive immunity, there is a development of immunological memory in the host after exposure to a pathogen. However, there are no effective vaccines and antifungal drugs. So it causes high morbidity and mortality in animals and fungal pathogens have become a significant clinical challenge, leading to a global threat to controlling fungal infections. Therefore, good management of animals and treating concurrent infections strengthens their immunity. Besides, promoting research into fungal infections to develop new diagnostics, anti-fungal drugs and vaccines are recommended.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    T1  - Review on Immunity to Fungal Infections in Animals
    AU  - Dessie Abera
    Y1  - 2022/03/31
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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    EP  - 20
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20221002.11
    AB  - The occurrence of mycosis is relatively uncommon in healthy and immunocompetent hosts. But now a days, the incidence of fungal infections are increasing and there is no effective vaccine for fungal infections in contrast to bacterial and viral diseases. And also, available antifungal drugs are not effective to treat infected animals. Understanding the immunity against fungal infections is of interest which can contribute more for therapeutic and vaccine development. Therefore, this review focuses on the immune components involved in clearing fungal pathogens. Disease outcome is a result of host-pathogen interactions. Immunity is the body’s resistance to infection. Innate and acquired immune systems are involved to eliminate animal fungal infections. Innate immunity is not specific. It is the first line of defense, with genetically encoded receptors that identify greatly conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Physical barriers, phagocytic cells, chemotactic factors and natural killer cells are some of the innate defense mechanisms. Adaptive immunity is specific. Lymphocytes have a unique and specific antigen receptor. It can be a humoral or cellular type of immune system. In adaptive immunity, there is a development of immunological memory in the host after exposure to a pathogen. However, there are no effective vaccines and antifungal drugs. So it causes high morbidity and mortality in animals and fungal pathogens have become a significant clinical challenge, leading to a global threat to controlling fungal infections. Therefore, good management of animals and treating concurrent infections strengthens their immunity. Besides, promoting research into fungal infections to develop new diagnostics, anti-fungal drugs and vaccines are recommended.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 2
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Author Information
  • Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Debre Markos Research Center, Debre Markos, Ethiopia

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